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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 3, 29 June 2007
ryone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for software
and other kinds of works.
The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast,
the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom
to share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains
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When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price.
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Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
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TERMS AND CONDITIONS
0. Deinitions.
„This License“ refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
„Copyright“ also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of
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mission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for infringement
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some countries other activities as well.
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list meets this criterion.
1. Source Code.
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The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that
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All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of copyright
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of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the machine-
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possesses the object code either (1) a copy of the Corresponding Sour-
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durable physical medium customarily used for software interchange, for
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7. Additional Terms.
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8. Termination.
You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
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License (including any patent licenses granted under the third para-
graph of section 11). However, if you cease all violation of this License,
then your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)
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terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails
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Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated
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reasonable means, this is the irst time you have received notice of
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you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice.
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
material under section 10.
9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or run a
copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work occurring
solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission to receive a
copy likewise does not require acceptance. However, nothing other than
this License grants you permission to propagate or modify any covered
work. These actions infringe copyright if you do not accept this License.
Therefore, by modifying or propagating a covered work, you indicate
your acceptance of this License to do so.
10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically recei-
ves a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and propagate
that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible for enforcing
compliance by third parties with this License.
An „entity transaction“ is a transaction transferring control of an organi-
zation, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an organization,
or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered work results from
an entity transaction, each party to that transaction who receives a copy
of the work also receives whatever licenses to the work the party‘s pre-
decessor in interest had or could give under the previous paragraph,
plus a right to possession of the Corresponding Source of the work
from the predecessor in interest, if the predecessor has it or can get
it with reasonable efforts. You may not impose any further restrictions
on the exercise of the rights granted or afirmed under this License. For
example, you may not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for
exercise of rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate
litigation (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging
that any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
11. Patents.
A „contributor“ is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this Li-
cense of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The
work thus licensed is called the contributor‘s „contributor version“. A
contributor‘s „essential patent claims“ are all patent claims owned or
controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or hereafter
acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted by this
License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version, but do not
include claims that would be infringed only as a consequence of further
modiication of the contributor version. For purposes of this deinition,
„control“ includes the right to grant patent sublicenses in a manner
consistent with the requirements of this License.
Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
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In the following three paragraphs, a „patent license“ is any express
agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a
patent (such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant
not to sue for patent infringement). To „grant“ such a patent license to a
party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce
a patent against the party. If you convey a covered work, knowingly re-
lying on a patent license, and the Corresponding Source of the work is
not available for anyone to copy, free of charge and under the terms of
this License, through a publicly available network server or other readily
accessible means, then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding
Source to be so available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the
beneit of the patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a
manner consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the
patent license to downstream recipients. „Knowingly relying“ means you
have actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying
the covered work in a country, or your recipient‘s use of the covered
work in a country, would infringe one or more identiiable patents in that
country that you have reason to believe are valid.
If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or arrangement,
you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a covered
work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties receiving the
covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify or convey a
speciic copy of the covered work, then the patent license you grant
is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered work and
works based on it.
A patent license is „discriminatory“ if it does not include within the scope
of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is conditioned on the non-
exercise of one or more of the rights that are speciically granted under
this License. You may not convey a covered work if you are a party to
an arrangement with a third party that is in the business of distributing
software, under which you make payment to the third party based on the
extent of your activity of conveying the work, and under which the third
party grants, to any of the parties who would receive the covered work
from you, a discriminatory patent license (a) in connection with copies of
the covered work conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies),
or (b) primarily for and in connection with speciic products or compila-
tions that contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arran-
gement, or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting any
implied license or other defenses to infringement that may otherwise be
available to you under applicable patent law.
12. No Surrender of Others‘ Freedom.
If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement
or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey
a covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under
this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence
you may not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that
obligate you to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to
whom you convey the Program, the only way you could satisfy both
those terms and this License would be to refrain entirely from conveying
the Program.
13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have per-
mission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this
License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
combination as such.
14. Revised Versions of this License.
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versi-
c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the written
offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This alternative is allowed
only occasionally and noncommercially, and only if you received the
object code with such an offer, in accord with subsection 6b.
ons of the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in
detail to address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
speciies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General Public
License „or any later version“ applies to it, you have the option of
following the terms and conditions either of that numbered version
or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If
the Program does not specify a version number of the GNU General
Public License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free
Software Foundation.
If the Program speciies that a proxy can decide which future versions
of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy‘s public
statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to
choose that version for the Program.
Later license versions may give you additional or different permissi-
ons. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any author or
copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a later version.
15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT
PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE
STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER
PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM „AS IS“ WITHOUT WARRANTY
OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING,
BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MER-
CHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF
THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE
DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SER-
VICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
16. Limitation of Liability.
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR
AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR
ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS THE
PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR
DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL
OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR
INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR
LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE
OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PRO-
GRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN
ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above
cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, reviewing
courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates an abso-
lute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the Program, unless a
warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a copy of the Program
in return for a fee.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest pos-
sible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free soft-
ware which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach
them to the start of each source ile to most effectively state the exclu-
sion of warranty; and each ile should have at least the „copyright“ line
and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program‘s name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your
option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WIT-
HOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MER-
CHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See
the GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper
mail.
If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short notice
like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
<program> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author> This program
comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show
w‘. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under
certain conditions; type `show c‘ for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w‘ and `show c‘ should show
the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, your
program‘s commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would
use an „about box“. You should also get your employer (if you work as
a programmer) or school, if any, to sign a „copyright disclaimer“ for the
program, if necessary. For more information on this, and how to apply
The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your
program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine
library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary
applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU
Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But irst, please
GNU
GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
(GPL)
Version 3, 29 June 2007
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