Folic Acid and Folates Volume 79 Vitamins and Hormones, chem
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ONTRIBUTORS
Emine Ercikan Abali
The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School,
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick,
New Jersey 08903
Yehuda G. Assaraf
To whom correspondence should be addressed; Email: assaraf@tx.technion.ac.il
Carol E. Cass
Department of Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton,
Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada and Department of Oncology, University of Alberta,
Edmonton, Alberta T6G IZ2, Canada
Hilal Celikkaya
The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School,
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick,
New Jersey 08903
Karen E. Christensen
Montreal Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada H3Z 2Z3
James K. Coward
Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemistry, University of Michigan,
3813 Chemistry, 930 N. University, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
Vijaya L. Damaraju
Departments of Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton,
Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada and Department of Oncology, University of Alberta,
Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
Jeremy P. Derrick
Faculty of Life Sciences, Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, University of
Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
Chheng-Orn Evans
Department of Neurosurgery and Laboratory of Molecular Neurosurgery and
Biotechnology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
Michael Fenech
CSIRO Human Nutrition, Adelaide BC, Adelaide, South Australia 5000
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Contributors
Jennifer T. Fox
Graduate Field of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853
Zhanjun Hou
Developmental Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute,
Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
Yi-Ching Hsieh
The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School,
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick,
New Jersey 08903
Ilan Ifergan
The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology,
Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
Ann L. Jackman
Institute of Cancer Research, Section of Medicine, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG
United Kingdom
Christopher P. Leamon
Endocyte, Inc., West Lafayette, Indiana 47906
David LaBorde
Department of Neurosurgery and Laboratory of Molecular Neurosurgery and
Biotechnology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
Zigmund Luka
Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville,
Tennessee 37232
Robert E. MacKenzie
Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3G 1Y6
Larry H. Matherly
Developmental Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute,
Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
John J. McGuire
Grace Cancer Drug Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NewYork 14263
H. F. Nijhout
Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27705
Nelson M. Oyesiku
Department of Neurosurgery and Laboratory of Molecular Neurosurgery and
Biotechnology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
Contributors
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Stephen W. Ragsdale
Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School,
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0606
M. C. Reed
Department of Mathematics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27705
Michael B. Sawyer
Departments of Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton,
Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada and Department of Oncology, University of Alberta,
Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
Thomas B. Shea
Center for Cellular Neurobiology and Neurodegeneration Research,
UMass
Nancy E. Skacel
The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School,
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick,
New Jersey 08903
Patrick J. Stover
Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
Flaubert Tchantchou
University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
Philip Thomas
CSIRO Human Nutrition, Adelaide BC, Adelaide, South Australia 5000
C. M. Ulrich
Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle,
Washington 98109
Congjun Yao
Department of Neurosurgery and Laboratory of Molecular Neurosurgery and
Biotechnology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854
P
REFACE
For many years, folic acid, its relatives, and antifolates have been the center
of much attention in one-carbon metabolism and in relation to cancer
research. So much progress has occurred in the last decade in relation to
cancer research and the mechanism of enzyme action as well as in the
mechanism by which folate is transported that the overall subject deserves
a current review.
We begin with contributions on one-carbon metabolism, the methio-
nine cycle, and folate deficiency. The first of these papers is from J. T. Fox
and P. J. Stover entitled ‘‘Folate-mediated one carbon metabolism.’’
F. Nijhout, M. C. Reed, and C. M. Ulrich report on ‘‘Mathematical
models of folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism.’’ This is followed by a
treatise on ‘‘Folate deprivation, the methionine cycle, and Alzheimer’s
disease’’ by F. Tchantchou and T. B. Shea. Authors I. Ifergan and Y. G.
Assaraf complete the introductory section with ‘‘Molecular mechanisms of
adaptation to folate deficiency.’’
The next group of papers deals with the folate transporter and receptor.
‘‘Structure and function of the reduced folate carrier: A paradigm of a major
facilitator superfamily mammalian nutrient transporter’’ is contributed by
L. H. Matherly and Z. Hou. Authors V. L. Damaraju, C. E. Cass, and M. B.
Sawyer review ‘‘Renal conservation of folates: Role of folate transport
proteins.’’ C. P. Leamon and A. L. Jackman present ‘‘Exploitation of the
folate receptor in the management of cancer and inflammatory disease.’’
Another report on cancer is given by C.-O. Evans, C. Yao, D. Leborde, and
N. M. Oyesiku: ‘‘Folate receptor expression in pituitary adenomas: Cellular
and molecular analysis.’’
The third and final section concentrates on enzymes. In the first of these,
E. E. Abali, N. E. Skacel, H. Celikkaya, and Y.-C. Hsieh have written on
‘‘Regulation of human dihydrofolate reductase activity and expression.’’
S. W. Ragsdale covers ‘‘Catalysis of methyl group transfers involving tetra-
hydrofolate and B
12
.’’ ‘‘Methyltetrahydrofolate in folate-binding protein
glycine
N
-methyltransferase’’ is authored by Z. Luka. J. K. Coward and
J. J. McGuire review ‘‘Mechanism-based inhibitors of folylpoly-
g
-gluta-
mate synthetase and
g
-glutamyl hydrolase: Control of folylpoly-
g
-glutamate
homeostasis as a drug target.’’ P. Thomas and M. Fenech report on
‘‘Methyltetrahydrofolate reductase, common polymorphisms, and relation
to disease.’’ This is followed by a contribution from K. E. Christensen
and R. E. McKenzie on ‘‘Mitochondrial methylenetetrahydrofolate
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