Fundamentals of the Physics of Solids, science
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1 IA
18 VIIIA
1
2
1
1s
1
Hydrogen
2 IIA
Periodic table of elements
He
1s
2
Helium
13 IIIA 14 IVA 15 VA 16 VIA 17 VIIA
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2
Li
[He] 2s
1
Lithium
Be
1s
2
Beryllium
B
2s
2
2p
1
Boron
C
2s
2
2p
2
Carbon
N
2s
2
2p
3
Nitrogen
O
2s
2
2p
4
Oxygen
F
2s
2
2p
5
Fluorine
Ne
2s
2
2p
6
Neon
11
12
Mg
3s
2
Magnesium
3 IIIB 4 IVB 5 VB 6 VIB 7 VIIB
13
14
15
16
17
18
3
Na
[Ne] 3s
1
Sodium
Al
3s
2
3p
1
Aluminum
Si
3s
2
3p
2
Silicon
P
3s
2
3p
3
Phosphorus
S
3s
2
3p
4
Sulfur
Cl
3s
2
3p
5
Chlorine
Ar
3s
2
3p
6
Argon
8
9
VIIIB
10
11 IB 12 IIB
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
4
K
[Ar] 4s
1
Potassium
Ca
4s
2
Calcium
Sc
3d
1
4s
2
Scandium
Ti
3d
2
4s
2
Titanium
V
3d
3
4s
2
Vanadium
Cr
3d
5
4s
1
Chromium
Mn
3d
5
4s
2
Manganese
Fe
3d
6
4s
2
Iron
Co
3d
7
4s
2
Cobalt
Ni
3d
8
4s
2
Nickel
Cu
3d
10
4s
1
Copper
Zn
3d
10
4s
2
Zinc
Ga
3d
10
4s
2
4p
1
Gallium
Ge
3d
10
4s
2
4p
2
Germanium
As
3d
10
4s
2
4p
3
Arsenic
Se
3d
10
4s
2
4p
4
Selenium
Br
3d
10
4s
2
4p
5
Bromine
Kr
3d
10
4s
2
4p
6
Krypton
37
38
39
40
41
Nb
4d
4
5s
1
Niobium
42
43
44
Ru
4d
7
5s
1
Ruthenium
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
5
Rb
[Kr] 5s
1
Rubidium
Sr
5s
2
Strontium
Y
4d
1
5s
2
Yttrium
Zr
4d
2
5s
2
Zirconium
Mo
4d
5
4s
1
Molybdenum
Tc
4d
5
5s
2
Technetium
Rh
4d
8
5s
1
Rhodium
Pd
4d
10
Palladium
Ag
4d
10
5s
1
Silver
Cd
4d
10
5s
2
Cadmium
In
4d
10
5s
2
5p
1
Indium
Sn
4d
10
5s
2
5p
2
Tin
Sb
4d
10
5s
2
5p
3
Antimony
Te
4d
10
5s
2
5p
4
Tellurium
I
4d
10
5s
2
5p
5
Iodine
Xe
4d
10
5s
2
5p
6
Xenon
55
56
57
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
6
Cs
[Xe] 6s
1
Cesium
Ba
6s
2
Barium
La
5d
1
6s
2
Lanthanum
Hf
5d
2
6s
2
Hafnium
Ta
5d
3
6s
2
Tantalum
W
5d
4
6s
2
Tungsten
Re
5d
5
6s
2
Rhenium
Os
5d
6
6s
2
Osmium
Ir
5d
7
6s
2
Iridium
Pt
5d
9
6s
1
Platinum
Au
5d
10
6s
1
Gold
Hg
5d
10
6s
2
Mercury
Tl
5d
10
6s
2
6p
1
Thallium
Pb
5d
10
6s
2
6p
2
Lead
Bi
5d
10
6s
2
6p
3
Bismuth
Po
5d
10
6s
2
6p
4
Polonium
At
5d
10
6s
2
6p
5
Astatine
Rn
5d
10
6s
2
6p
6
Radon
87
88
89
104
105
Db
6d
3
7s
2
Dubnium
106
Sg
6d
4
7s
2
Seaborgium
107
Bh
6d
5
7s
2
Bohrium
108
Hs
6d
6
7s
2
Hassium
109
Mt
6d
7
7s
2
Meitnerium
110
111
Rg
6d
10
7s
1
Roentgenium
7
Fr
[Rn] 7s
1
Francium
Ra
7s
2
Radium
Ac
6d
1
7s
2
Actinium
Rf
6d
2
7s
2
Rutherfordium
Ds
6d
9
7s
1
Darmstadtium
Lanthanoids
58
59
60
61
62
Sm
4f
6
6s
2
Samarium
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
Ce
4f
2
6s
2
Cerium
Pr
4f
3
6s
2
Praseodymium
Nd
4f
4
6s
2
Neodymium
Pm
4f
5
6s
2
Promethium
Eu
4f
7
6s
2
Europium
Gd
4f
7
5d
1
6s
2
Gadolinium
Tb
4f
9
6s
2
Terbium
Dy
4f
10
6s
2
Dysprosium
Ho
4f
11
6s
2
Holmium
Er
4f
12
6s
2
Erbium
Tm
4f
13
6s
2
Thulium
Yb
4f
14
6s
2
Ytterbium
Lu
4f
14
5d
1
6s
2
Lutetium
90
91
92
93
94
95
Am
5f
7
7s
2
Americium
96
Cm
5f
7
6d
1
7s
2
Curium
97
98
99
100
Fm
5f
12
7s
2
Fermium
101
Md
5f
13
7s
2
Mendelevium
102
No
5f
14
7s
2
Nobelium
103
Lr
5f
14
6d
1
7s
2
Lawrencium
Actinoids
Th
6d
2
7s
2
Thorium
Pa
5f
2
6d
1
7s
2
Protactinium
U
5f
3
6d
1
7s
2
Uranium
Np
5f
5
7s
2
Neptunium
Pu
5f
6
7s
2
Plutonium
Bk
5f
8
6d
1
7s
2
Berkelium
Cf
5f
10
7s
2
Californium
Es
5f
11
7s
2
Einsteinium
Fundamentals of the Physics of Solids
Jen o Sólyom
Fundamentals
of the Physics
of Solids
Vo l ume I
Structure and Dynamics
Translated by Attila Piróth
With 240 Figures and 50 Tables
ABC
Author
Professor Jen o Sólyom
Research Institute for Solid State Physics
and Optics
P.O.Box 49
1525 Budapest
Hungary
and
Department of Physics
Eötvös Loránd University
1117 Budapest
Pázmány sétány 1/A
Hungary
solyom@szfki.hu
Translator
Attila Piróth
www.pirothattila.com
Title of the Hungarian edition:
A Modern Szilárdtestfizika Alapjai I. A szilárd testek
szerkezete és dinamikája
, ISBN 963 463 538 5, c
ELTE Eötvös Kiadó 2002
Library of Congress Control Number: 2007929725
ISBN 978-3-540-72599-2 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York
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